WMG (WORK MATERIAL GROUP)
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa)
Correction factor kvG
Hardness (HB or HRC)
WMG ( W ork M aterial G roup)
ISO group
1.33 1.49 1.53 1.14 1.00 0.89 0.92 0.74 0.63 0.55 0.47 0.38 1.22 1.03 1.08 0.89 0.75 1.00 0.86 0.77
Sulfurized Sulfurized and phosphorized Sulfurized/phosphorized and leaded
P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P4.1 P4.2 P4.3 M1.1 M1.2 M2.1 M2.2 M2.3 M3.1 M3.2 M3.3
< 240 HB < 180 HB < 180 HB < 180 HB < 240 HB < 300 HB < 180 HB
≤ 830 ≤ 620 ≤ 620 ≤ 620 ≤ 830 ≤ 1030 ≤ 620
Free machining steel (carbon steels with increased machinability)
P1
Containing < 0.25 % C Containing < 0.55 % C Containing > 0.55 % C Annealed Hardened and tempered Annealed Hardened and tempered
Plain carbon steel (steels comprised of mainly iron and carbon)
P2
P
Alloy steel (carbon steels with an alloying content ≤ 10 %)
P3
180 – 260 HB 260 – 360 HB
> 620 ≤ 900 > 900 ≤ 1240
< 26 HRC
≤ 900
Tool steel (special alloy steel for tools, dies and molds) Ferritic stainless steel (straight chromium non-hardenable alloys) Martensitic stainless steel (straight chromium hardenable alloys)
P4
26 – 39 HRC 39 – 45 HRC
> 900 ≤ 1240 > 1240 ≤ 1450
< 160 HB
≤ 520
M1
160 – 220 HB
> 520 ≤ 700
Annealed Quenched and tempered Precipitation-hardened
< 200 HB
≤ 670
M2
200 – 280 HB 280 – 380 HB
> 670 ≤ 950 > 950 ≤ 1300
M
< 200 HB
≤ 750
Austenitic stainless steel (chromium-nickel and chromium-nickel-manganese alloys)
M3
200 – 260 HB 260 – 300 HB
> 750 ≤ 870 > 870 ≤ 1040
0.75
Austenitic-ferritic (DUPLEX) or super-austenitic stainless steel
M4.1
< 300 HB
≤ 990
M4
0.64
Precipitation hardening austenitic stainless steel
M4.2
300 – 380 HB
≤ 1320
1.35 1.00 0.75 1.39 1.13 0.90 1.23 0.94 0.76
Ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic Ferritic-pearlictic or pearlitic Pearlitic
K1.1 K1.2 K1.3 K2.1 K2.2 K2.3 K3.1 K3.2 K3.3
< 180 HB
≤ 190
Gray iron or Automotive Gray iron (GG) (iron-carbon castings with a lamellar graphite microstructure)
K1
180 – 240 HB 240 – 280 HB
> 190 ≤ 310 > 310 ≤ 390
Ferritic Ferritic or pearlitic Pearlitic Ferritic Ferritic or pearlitic Pearlitic
< 160 HB
≤ 400
Malleable iron (GTS/GTW) (iron-carbon castings with a graphite-free microstructure)
K2
160 – 200 HB 200 – 240 HB
> 400 ≤ 550 > 550 ≤ 660
< 180 HB
≤ 560
Ductile iron (GGG) (iron-carbon castings with a nodular graphite microstructure)
K3
180 – 220 HB 220 – 260 HB
> 560 ≤ 680 > 680 ≤ 800
K
Austenitic gray iron (ASTM A436) (iron-carbon alloy castings with an austenitic lamellar graphite microstructure) Austenitic ductile iron (ASTM A439 or ASTM A571) (iron-carbon alloy castings with an austenitic nodular graphite microstructure)
1.14
K4.1
< 180 HB
≤ 190
0.86
K4.2
< 240 HB
≤ 740
K4
0.63 0.54 0.45 1.29 0.97 0.75 1.33 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.60 0.43 0.70 0.41 0.21 0.70 0.27 0.29 1.00 1.94 1.72 1.44 1.33 1.17 1.00 0.83 0.78 0.67 1.52 0.90 0.77 1.00 0.82 0.64 0.54
K4.3 K4.4 K4.5 K5.1 K5.2 K5.3 N1.1 N1.2 N1.3 N2.1 N2.2 N2.3 N3.1 N3.2 N3.3 N4.1 N4.2 N4.3 S1.1 S1.2 S1.3 S2.1 S2.2 S3.1 S3.2 S4.1 S4.2 H1.1
< 280 HB
> 840 ≤ 980 > 980 ≤ 1130 > 1130 ≤ 1280
Austempered ductile iron (ASTM A897) (iron-carbon alloy castings with an ausferrite microstructure)
280 – 320 HB 320 – 360 HB
Ferritic Ferritic-pearlitic Pearlitic
< 180 HB
≤ 400
Compacted graphite iron CGI (ASTM A842) (iron-carbon castings with a vermicular graphite structure)
K5
180 – 220 HB 220 – 260 HB
> 400 ≤ 450 > 450 ≤ 500
Commercially pure wrought aluminium Wrought aluminium alloys
< 60 HB
≤ 240
N1
Half hard tempered Full hard tempered
60 – 100 HB 100 – 150 HB
> 240 ≤ 400 > 400 ≤ 590
< 75 HB
≤ 240
N2
Cast aluminium alloys
75 – 90 HB 90 – 140 HB
> 240 ≤ 270 > 270 ≤ 440
N
Free-cutting copper-alloys materials with excellent machining properties Short-chip copper-alloys with good to moderate machining properties Electrolytic copper and long-chip copper-alloys with moderate to poor machining properties
– – – – – – –
– – – – – – –
N3
Thermoplastic polymers Thermosetting polymers Reinforced polymers or composites Graphite
N4
N5 N5.1
< 200 HB
≤ 660
S1
Titanium or titanium alloys
200 – 280 HB 280 – 360 HB
> 660 ≤ 950 > 950 ≤ 1200
< 200 HB
≤ 690
S
S2
Fe-based high-temperature alloys
200 – 280 HB
> 690 ≤ 970
< 280 HB
≤ 940
S3
Ni-based high-temperature alloys
280 – 360 HB
> 940 ≤ 1200
< 240 HB
≤ 800
S4 H1
Co-based high-temperature alloys Chilled cast iron Hardened cast iron
> 800 ≤ 1070
240 – 320 HB
< 440 HB < 55 HRC > 55 HRC < 51 HRC
– – – – – – –
H2 H2.1 H2.2 H3 H3.1 H3.2
H
Hardened steel < 55 HRC
51 – 55 HRC 55 – 59 HRC
H4.1 H4.2
H4
Hardened steel > 55 HRC
> 59 HRC
78
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